Compaction

Definition

Compaction is the squeezing together of soil particles that destroys pore space and makes soil dense and hard. It reduces infiltration, aeration and root growth, so roots stay shallow and water either pools or runs off. FAO names livestock concentrated around water points and heavy machinery with inappropriate tillage among its main causes. It is most likely when wet soil is driven or walked on. Prevention is much easier than repair. See also: Soil structure, Infiltration, Aggregate, and the guide "Soil Compaction and the Loss of Soil Structure".